SpaceX’s satellite technology powers internet connectivity across the world, but not all its satellites serve the same purpose. While Starlink provides commercial internet to millions of users, its lesser-known network, Starshield, is designed for military communications, intelligence gathering and national security operations.The distinction came into focus in October 2026, when Ukrainian officials reported disruptions to Starshield connectivity used by drone operators. According to President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, full connectivity was restored on October 24 after terminals reportedly stopped working at speeds above 160 kmph.
What is Starlink?
Starlink is SpaceX’s commercial satellite internet service, providing connectivity to individuals, businesses and governments.The company says it has more than 11,000 satellites in orbit, operating around 550 km above Earth, and serves customers across more than 160 countries. Its users include households, airlines, ships and government agencies. Ukraine has also relied heavily on Starlink for communications since Russia’s invasion in 2022.Starlink is owned and operated by SpaceX, and customers can purchase terminals and subscription plans.
What is Starshield?
Announced in December 2022, Starshield is SpaceX’s satellite network designed for US military and national security agencies.It uses Starlink technology but incorporates additional security features, hardened hardware and specialised systems for sensitive government operations.Its three main functions are:
- Earth observation: Satellites equipped with optical and radar sensors for intelligence and surveillance.
- Secure communications: Encrypted connectivity for military users through specialised terminals.
- Hosted payloads: Carrying government equipment and technology aboard satellites.
Unlike Starlink, Starshield is not commercially available, and much of its operations remain classified.
How are the two networks connected?
Starlink and Starshield use similar technology, but their satellites are physically separate.However, Starshield satellites can access the Starlink network when required, allowing US national security customers to use its wider infrastructure. This interoperability is not available to ordinary commercial users.SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has said Starlink’s terms prohibit its use for offensive drone strikes, while decisions on Starshield operations rest with the US government.The US government is the customer and, in some cases, the owner of the infrastructure. SpaceX builds the satellites and operates the underlying Starlink network. It also operates some Starshield satellites under government contracts.